Square Root of Negative Number Bug

One of the Newton 2.x OS Q&As
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This document was exported on 7/23/97.


Square Root of Negative Number Bug (3/4/97)

Q: When I call Sqrt with a negative number on the Newton, or use Compile in the NTK Inspector, I get a strange result. However, if I just type sqrt(-2) into the listener I get a different strange result. What's going on?

    call compile("sqrt(-2)") with ()    #4412F2D  -1.79769e+308    sqrt(-2)    #440DE05  1.00000e+999


A: There is a floating point library bug in Sqrt on the Newton OS. When passed a negative number, the large positive value is returned instead of a not-a-number value. You can work around it using Pow(x, 0.5) instead of Sqrt(x) if there is no way to guarantee that the value passed to Sqrt is non-negative, or simply check and see if the argument is less than 0 and return a not-a-number constant.

The reason sqrt(-2) works differently when you type it into the NTK Inspector is because of a compiler process known as constant folding. Sqrt can be evaluated at compile time if you pass it a constant argument. So what's really happening is that NTK is evaluating the Sqrt function during the compile phase and passing the resulting floating point number (or rather, not-a-number) to the Newton device where it's promptly returned. An NTK real number formatting limitation displays non-a-number values and infinities as 1.00000e+999 rather than as some other string. You can use IsNAN to determine if a real number is a not-a-number value.

You can avoid constant folding and force evaluation on the Newton device by using a variable. For instance:
    x := -2;    y := sqrt(x);    #C4335B1  -1.79769e+308


Also, note that FormattedNumberStr does not properly handle not-a-number values. (it returns "Number too small.")